并不宁静的乡下—沈从文乡土小说中人性的表达

摘   要

现代文学史上著名作家沈从文笔下的艺术世界之所以具有历久弥新的精神气韵，归根到底还在于其思想特质中的人性内涵。他的小说的人性内涵也相应包含了讴歌健全人性与抨击扭曲人性的两个引人注目的侧面。其中他的乡土题材小说不仅歌颂了人性的至善至美,表现了湘西人的人性美、人情美、湘西世界的风俗美，还触及到“乡下人”心理的阴暗处，展示他们人性的贫困与扭曲的种种现象，于是抨击人性扭曲也成了他此类题材作品的另1侧面，从而使得看似和谐的“世外桃源”又显得并不宁静。探讨其原因，与沈从文看到的“现代文明”对乡下人灵魂的毒害、腐蚀分不开。也正是由于乡下人人性的至善至美与他们人性的贫困扭曲，传统与“现代文明”的冲突，使沈从文在创作时不得不顾及这两端，所以，他总是以极其冷静、客观的态度去展现现实社会的美丽与残酷，从而形成了他看似平淡实为深沉的文章风格。
关键词：沈从文；人性；乡土小说；现代文明；深沉的风格
 

ABSTRACT

Artistic world in the works of the famous, Shen Congwen of writer , go through and fill the new spiritual flavor for a long time at the modern literature history, still lie in the human nature intension in its speciality of thought after all. The human nature intension of his novel includes singing the praises of and perfecting the human nature correspondingly with condemning two noticeable sides which twist the human nature too. His native soil subject matter novel extol the perfection of the human nature among them, display western Hunan human nature American , beautiful favor of people , western Hunan world custom American, still essential reaching the dark place of " boor " psychology, show the poverty of their human nature and all sorts of phenomena of distortion , criticize for human nature distortion to become he this kind of subject matter another side of work too, thus make the seemingly harmonious " Land of Peach Blossoms " not seem quiet again. Probe into reason its, with " modern civilization " that Shen Congwen see being to boor poison of soul, corrode separating. Because everybodys perfection and poor distortion of their human nature of countryside just, the conflicts of tradition and " modern civilization ", make Shen Congwen have to take this both ends into account while creating, so, he always represents the beauty and cruelty of the realistic society with the extremely calm , objective attitude, thus formed his neither angry nor rash article style.
Key words: Shen Congwen; human nature; the local novel; the modern civilization;
reserved style