2018医学考博英语听力技巧
医学考博英语听力部分的话题都是与医学相关的,涉及到的医学词汇也相对专业和复杂。医学专业词汇通常词形较长,音节较多,而我们接触医学英语时又处在大学高年级及研究生阶段,对词汇的把握已不再注重读音训练,但是这并不意味着我们高级阶段的医学生可以忽视这种练习。
在平时学习的学习中,应对照词典音标,有意识的培养自己对词形长、难记忆的医学词汇的辨音能力。例如:
◇Last summer I was working in Washington,D.C. as an intern at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
◇I'm ,a dermatologist,and tonight I will be speaking about the effects ofstress on the skin.
◇In fluenza often strikes people who are overtired,stressed-out and not eating nutritious foods.
在阅读中,有些专业医学词汇对于我们医学考博的考生来说并不生疏,但往往成为我们听力理解的障碍。我们平时学习英语都有这样的体会,能看懂的东西不一定能听懂,在大脑中没有建立起相应的听觉形象。所以考生在复习时要注意这类词汇的把握。这类词还有:
achromatopsia n.色盲
acne n.痤疮,粉刺
ague n.疟疾;寒战
请考生据此,并结合个人的实际情况,注意将词汇分类总结,可参照“医学博士英语统一考试词汇表”进行归纳复习。
比如我们可以这样分类总结:①常见疾病名称:measles麻疹;otitis耳炎;meningitis,脑(脊)膜炎;②医院设施及设备、工具:gauze纱布;ward病房;③诊疗方案:percuss叩诊;palpation触诊;tomography.断层X线照相术;④组织器官:waist腰,腰部;ventricle心室;retina视网膜;⑤医学分科名称:microbiology微生物学;orthopedics骨科学。
文本规律(语法特点)
听力训练的一个阶段是听懂“语法”,也就是听者在长期的语言学习中对句子、篇章的结构形成的印象。在听力测试时,这种印象会帮助我们预知下文可能出现的句式和情景逻辑。而这种能力的形成无疑要依赖于对句中和篇章中的过渡关联词的准确把握。
英语是一种表音文字,其语音、构词或者造句都不同于汉语。学习英语必须将感性认识提高到理性认识,并利用语言的规律性来指导语言的实践。语法是语言的组织规律。掌握一定的语法知识,对于正确理解语意,提高英语听力水平大有好处。通常看不懂句子的结构就无法了解句意,更不用说听懂复杂的长句了。没有语意方面的知识,就无法意识到篇章内的不同组成部分之间在意义上的联系。
注意篇章中的关联过渡词,也就是把文章包含的几个意群连接起来的词或短语,用英文表示为"organization words",比如:first,then,next,after that,and finally。章就是靠着这些关联过渡语句,形成了自己独特的风格,若掌握了这些规律,就可以在听短文时做到心中有数,能很好地顺应作者的逻辑。
例文1:
Now that l have extracted your tooth,l want to give you some words of mber that this is surgery. You need to go home and rest for the rest of the day. You shouldn't do our regular work. Since you're an adult,it might take you longer to heal than if you were a child.
The numbness will wear off after a few hours,and if it's painful after that,you should take two aspirins.
Now,the most important,thing to remember is to apply ice to your cheek immediately when you get home.
This will keep the swelling down.
You can use an ice bag or put chopped ice in a towel.
Hold it to your cheek over the extraction area for 20 minutes,and then take it off for 20 this up for 4 or 5 hours.
Secondly,don't rinse your mouth today.
Tomorrow you should rinse your mouth gently every three or four hours with salt about a quarter of a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm inue this rinsing for several days.
Don't be alarmed if there is some bleeding this morning. A little bleeding is normal following an extraction.I've put absorbent cotton over the extraction,and l will give you some to take ge the pads about a half hour after you get home.
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